A Low SvO2 can indicate that either body tissues are taking more oxygen from the blood as compensation for increased oxygen needs or are not receiving enough oxygen to begin with (CO is not high enough to meet the body’s demand). Therefore, SvO2 can be used to determine if CO and oxygen delivery is sufficient for the patient. SvO2 is the percentage of oxygen attached to the hemoglobin in the blood leaving the right ventricle. This is a continuous waveform measurement. Whereas pulmonary artery diastolic pressure (PADP) is a measurement of the pressure in the PA during RV diastole. Pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) is the pressure exerted by the right ventricle (RV) during systole on the PA. PAP is a reflection of cardiac heart pressures and is read as a systolic and diastolic number. CI is merely CO with consideration of the patient’s body surface area (BSA), and is, therefore, more accurate for clinical decision making. The only lab values needed to run a Fick is a mixed venous saturation (SvO2) and an arterial saturation. All of these numbers are collected and inserted into a Fick calculator which gives us CO and cardiac index (CI). With a PAC, CO is determined by obtaining an SvO2 level, the patient’s body surface area, a hemoglobin level, and an SpO2 reading. CO is the amount of blood pumped by the heart each minute and is simply heart rate multiplied by stroke volume (the amount of blood ejected with each beat). PACs allow for assessment of Cardiac Output (CO), Pulmonary Artery Pressure (PAP), Mixed venous oxygenation (SvO2), Pulmonary Artery Wedge Pressure (PAWP), and Central Venous Pressure (CVP) through blood draws and waveform analysis.
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